要在 Linux 控制台中查找有关系统的信息，有几个命令，我们将在下面介绍这些命令的操作和输出。

#1. 内核信息

uname -a

Linux hostname 5.10.0-26-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.197-1 (2023-09-29) x86_64 GNU/Linux

或者

cat /proc/version

Linux version 5.10.0-26-amd64 (debian-kernel@lists.debian.org) (gcc-10 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.35.2) #1 SMP Debian 5.10.197-1 (2023-09-29)

#2. 操作系统和版本

cat /etc/os-release

PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="11"
VERSION="11 (bullseye)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bullseye
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

#3. 硬件信息

apt install dmidecode
dmidecode

System Information
	Manufacturer: Virtuozzo
	Product Name: KVM
	Version: Virtuozzo 7.12.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
	Serial Number: Not Specified
	UUID: 25f746a0-8677-459c-8e98-553169ef4cf1
	Wake-up Type: Power Switch
	SKU Number: Not Specified
	Family: Virtuozzo Linux
...

该工具显示硬编码到物理设备Bios中的信息，因此无法输出到虚拟化VPS；对于虚拟服务器，请使用下面描述的命令。

3.1 有关处理器和内存的信息

lscpu

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
Address sizes:                      46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s):                             2
On-line CPU(s) list:                0,1
Thread(s) per core:                 1
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
NUMA node(s):                       1
Vendor ID:                          GenuineIntel
CPU family:                         6
Model:                              61
Model name:                         Intel Core Processor (Broadwell, IBRS)
...

或者

apt install lshw
lshw

hostname
    description: Computer
    product: KVM
    vendor: Virtuozzo
    version: Virtuozzo 7.12.0 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996)
    width: 64 bits
    capabilities: smbios-2.8 dmi-2.8 smp vsyscall32
    configuration: boot=normal family=Virtuozzo Linux uuid=A046F725-7786-9C45-8E98-553169EF4CF1
  *-core
...

3.2 磁盘和分区信息

fdisk -l

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 18970623 18968576    9G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       18972670 20969471  1996802  975M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       18972672 20969471  1996800  975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

或者

lsblk -a

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   10G  0 disk 
|-sda1   8:1    0    9G  0 part /
|-sda2   8:2    0    1K  0 part 
`-sda5   8:5    0  975M  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1  3.6G  0 rom